Mobility Glossary: What is Vehicle-to-Grid Technology?
Vehicle-to-Grid technology (V2G) is a transformative approach that enables bidirectional energy flow between electric vehicles and the power grid. Unlike traditional charging, V2G allows electric vehicles to not only draw energy from the grid but also feed excess energy back into the grid when they are not in use. This dual-directional energy exchange transforms EVs into mobile energy storage units and dynamic grid assets.
How Vehicle-to-Grid Technology Works
Charging from the Grid: EVs draw energy from the power grid during charging sessions, typically at home, charging stations, or workplaces.
Bidirectional Energy Flow: V2G technology enables EVs to return surplus energy back to the grid when they are parked and not in use. This energy can be utilized to meet the grid’s demand during peak hours or support renewable energy integration.
Grid Services: Electric vehicles equipped with V2G capabilities can provide grid services, such as frequency regulation, load balancing, and peak shaving. This enhances the overall stability and efficiency of the electrical grid.
Examples of V2G Use
Nissan LEAF V2G Pilot: Nissan has been at the forefront of V2G technology, conducting pilot programs such as the “Leaf to Home” initiative. In this program, the Nissan LEAF electric vehicle can supply electricity to a home during power outages or high-demand periods.
University of Delaware V2G Projects: The University of Delaware has been actively involved in V2G research, exploring the potential of electric school buses as mobile energy storage units. These buses, when not in use, can feed surplus energy back to the grid.
California’s V2G Initiatives: California, a leader in renewable energy adoption, has been exploring V2G applications. Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) collaborated with BMW to test V2G capabilities, allowing electric BMW i3 vehicles to provide grid support.
Benefits of V2G
For energy professionals, utilities, and EV manufacturers, V2G technology offers a range of advantages:
Grid Stability: V2G enhances grid stability by providing ancillary services such as frequency regulation and load balancing, crucial for the integration of renewable energy sources.
Demand Response: Electric vehicles with V2G capabilities can participate in demand response programs, helping utilities manage peak demand more efficiently.
Renewable Energy Integration: V2G facilitates the integration of renewable energy sources by allowing EVs to store excess renewable energy and return it to the grid when needed.
As the world transitions towards a more sustainable and interconnected energy landscape, Vehicle-to-Grid technology stands as a catalyst for change. By empowering electric vehicles to become active participants in the energy ecosystem, V2G heralds a future where transportation and energy sectors collaborate seamlessly for a greener and more resilient world.
